report details:
Published March 2005
153 pages
97 tables
Price: $3650.00
summary
The worldwide market for amino acids for synthesis is projected to rise at an average annual growth rate of 7% through 2009 from $713 million to $1 billion. The report contains:
Identification of synthesis applications of amino acids in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries
A review of current supply sources of amino acids for synthesis applications
Quantification of the dollar amount of amino acids being used for these applications
Market forecasts through 2009
An overview of amino acid synthesis technology
Profiles of leading synthesis companies.
table of contents
INTRODUCTION
XVIII
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
XVIII
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
XVIII
CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
XVIII
SCOPE AND FORMAT
XIX
INFORMATION SOURCES
XIX
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
XIX
RELATED BCC REPORTS
XIX
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
XIX
DISCLAIMER
XX
SUMMARY
XXI
Summary Table:
GLOBAL VALUE OF AMINO ACIDS IN SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
XXII
Summary Figure:
GLOBAL VALUE OF AMINO ACIDS IN SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, 2002-2009 ($ MILLIONS)
XXII
OVERVIEW
1
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
1
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2
Table 1 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACIDS
2
TYPES/CATEGORIES OF AMINO ACIDS
2
Table 2 WORLDWIDE MARKET FOR AMINO ACIDS BY CATEGORY, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
3
NATURAL
3
Table 3 NATURAL AMINO ACIDS: BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND CHEMICAL NAMES
4
Table 3 (CONTINUED)
5
Alanine
6
Table 4 WORLDWIDE ALANINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
6
Table 5 ALANINE MANUFACTURERS
6
Arginine
7
Table 6 WORLDWIDE ARGININE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
7
Table 7 ARGININE MANUFACTURERS
7
Asparagine
8
Table 8 WORLDWIDE ASPARAGINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
8
Table 9 ASPARAGINE MANUFACTURERS
8
Aspartic Acid
9
Table 10 WORLDWIDE ASPARTIC ACID PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
9
Table 11 MANUFACTURERS OF ASPARTIC ACID
9
L-Cysteine
10
Table 12 WORLDWIDE CYSTEINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
10
Table 13 MANUFACTURERS OF CYSTEINE
10
Glutamine
11
Table 14 WORLDWIDE GLUTAMINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
11
Table 15 GLUTAMINE MANUFACTURERS
11
Glutamic Acid
11
Table 16 WORLDWIDE GLUTAMIC ACID PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
12
Table 17 GLUTAMIC ACID MANUFACTURERS
12
Glycine
13
Table 18 WORLDWIDE GLYCINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
13
Table 19 GLYCINE MANUFACTURERS
13
Histidine
14
Table 20 WORLDWIDE HISTIDINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
14
Table 21 HISTIDINE MANUFACTURERS
14
Isoleucine
15
Table 22 WORLDWIDE ISOLEUCINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
15
Table 23 ISOLEUCINE MANUFACTURERS
15
Leucine
15
Table 24 WORLDWIDE LEUCINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
16
Table 25 LEUCINE MANUFACTURERS
16
Lysine
16
Table 26 WORLDWIDE LYSINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
17
Table 27 LYSINE MANUFACTURERS
17
Methionine
17
Table 28 WORLDWIDE METHIONINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
18
Table 29 METHIONINE MANUFACTURERS
18
Phenylalanine
18
Table 30 WORLDWIDE PHENYLALANINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
19
Table 31 PHENYLALANINE MANUFACTURERS
19
Proline
19
Table 32 WORLDWIDE PROLINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
20
Table 33 PROLINE MANUFACTURERS
20
Serine
20
Table 34 WORLDWIDE SERINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
20
Table 35 SERINE MANUFACTURERS
21
Threonine
21
Table 36 WORLDWIDE THREONINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
21
Table 37 THREONINE MANUFACTURERS
21
Tyrosine
22
Table 38 WORLDWIDE TYROSINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
22
Table 39 TYROSINE MANUFACTURERS
22
Tryptophan
23
Table 40 WORLDWIDE TRYPTOPHAN PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
23
Table 41 TRYPTOPHAN MANUFACTURERS
23
Valine
23
Table 42 WORLDWIDE VALINE PRODUCTION IN METRIC TONS, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
24
Table 43 VALINE MANUFACTURERS
24
UNNATURAL
24
Table 44 MAJOR UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
25
Table 45 UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS: QUANTITIES FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2009 (KILOGRAMS)
25
D-Amino Acids
25
MODIFIED/MANUFACTURED
26
Table 46 MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS COMMONLY USED IN SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
26
MANUFACTURE OF AMINO ACIDS
26
L-AMINO ACIDS
26
Table 47 MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR MAJOR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
27
Table 48 METHODS OF PRODUCING PROTEINOGENIC L-AMINO ACIDS
28
Chemical Synthesis
28
Table 49 GENERAL METHODS OF ALPHA-AMINO ACIDS SYNTHESIS
28
Table 50 SUBSTITUENTS USED FOR ALPHA-AMINO PROTECTION
29
Table 51 SUBSTITUENTS USED FOR CARBOXY PROTECTION
29
Enzymatic Catalysis
30
Extraction
30
Fermentation
30
METHODS OF PRODUCING AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES (MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS)
30
METHODS OF PRODUCING UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS
31
APPLICATIONS FOR AMINO ACIDS
32
Table 52 WORLDWIDE MARKET FOR AMINO ACIDS BY APPLICATION TYPE, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
32
Table 53 COMMON HEATLH APPLICATIONS OF SOME AMINO ACIDS
33
Table 54 APPLICATIONS FOR AMINO ACIDS
33
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
33
Table 55 COMMERCIAL AMINO ACIDS BY APPLICATION AND BY USE
34
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
35
Table 56 AMINO ACIDS COMMONLY USED IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
35
SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS FOR AMINO ACIDS
35
Table 57 THE FOUR BASIC CATEGORIES OF SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS FOR AMINO ACIDS
35
Categories
36
High Intensity Sweeteners (HIS)
36
Pharmaceuticals and Drug Intermediates
36
Biomaterials
36
Bioresearch
36
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
37
GOOD-LARGE-SCALE-PRACTICE (GLSP)
37
GOOD-INDUSTRIAL-LARGE-SCALE-PRACTICE (GILSP)
37
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP)
37
FDA REGULATIONS
38
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
39
OVERVIEW
39
MARKET CONTRIBUTING TO THE GROWTH OF THE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET
39
Table 58 OTHER WORLDWIDE MARKETS CONTRIBUTING TO THE GROWTH OF THE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLION)
40
ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INTERMEDIATES
40
CATALOG AND RESEARCH PEPTIDE MARKET
40
CHIRAL TECHNOLOGIES
41
CONTRACT CHEMISTRY
41
CUSTOM MANUFACTURING
41
NANOTECHNOLOGY
41
HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS (HIS)
41
ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK
42
AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
42
Figure 1 STRUCTURE OF THE AMINO ACID MARKET FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
43
MANUFACTURERS OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS
43
Primary Producers of Natural Amino Acids
44
Table 59 PRIMARY PRODUCERS OF NATURAL AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS WORLDWIDE
44
Table 60 U.S. PRODUCERS OF MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS IN 2003
45
Table 61 PRIMARY PRODUCERS OF MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS WORLDWIDE
45
Primary Producers of Unnatural Amino Acids
46
Table 62 PRIMARY PRODUCERS OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS
46
DISTRIBUTORS OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS
46
Table 63 DISTRIBUTORS OF NATURAL AMINO ACIDS
47
Table 64 U.S. DISTRIBUTORS OF MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS IN 2004
47
Table 65 U.S. DISTRIBUTORS OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS IN 2004
48
CUSTOMERS/CONSUMERS OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS
48
Figure 2 PRIMARY CUSTOMER CATEGORIES OF THE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET BY PERCENT OF MARKET, 2004
49
Table 66 PRIMARY CUSTOMER CATEGORIES OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS AND PERCENTAGE OF MARKET, 2004 AND 2009
49
Pharmaceutical Companies
49
Biotechnology Companies
50
Toll/Open Market Bulk Drug Companies
50
MARKET DYNAMICS
51
MARKET DYNAMICS
51
U.S. TRADE IN AMINO ACIDS
52
Figure 3 U.S. EXPORTS OF SPECIFIC AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS PURPOSES, 2003 (%)
52
Table 67 U.S. EXPORTS OF AMINO ACIDS, 2002 AND 2003
53
Figure 4 PERCENT BREAKDOWN OF U.S. AMINO ACIDS IMPORTS, 2003 (%)
54
Table 68 U.S. IMPORTS OF AMINO ACIDS, 2002 AND 2003
55
INFLUENCES ON AMINO ACIDS PRICING
56
THE ROLE OF AMINO ACIDS IN DRUG DISCOVERY TECHNOLOGIES
56
Table 69 AMINO ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES UTILIZED IN BIORESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY
57
Table 70 AMINO ACIDS IN BIORESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY
57
CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY
57
The Relationship between Amino Acids and Chiral Technology
57
The Relationship between Amino?Continued)
58
Table 71 AMINO ACIDS COMMONLY USED IN CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
59
Figure 5 PERCENT BREAKDOWN OF CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2003 (%)
59
Table 72 CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2003
59
Table 73 TOP SELLING SINGLE ENANTIOMER DRUGS AND THEIR CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY THAT PRODUCED THEM, FOR 2001
60
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNOLOGY
60
Table 74 TYPES OF COMPOUNDS GENERATED BY COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY/DRUG DISCOVERY COMPANIES
61
Amino Acids Used in Combinatorial Chemistry
62
CUSTOM PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
62
Amino Acids and Peptides - What is the relationship?
62
Peptide Manufacture
62
Figure 6 STEPS OF SOLUTION-BASED PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
63
Table 75 SOLID-PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES
63
Table 76 CUSTOM PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS COMPANIES
64
Fee Structure in Custom Peptide Synthesis
65
Revenues in Custom Peptide Synthesis
65
HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS MARKET
65
Table 77 CONSUMPTION OF HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS FOR THE U.S., EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND JAPAN, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
65
Table 78 AMINO ACID BASED HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS
66
Table 79 AMINO ACIDS USED IN HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS
66
APPLICATIONS OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS
67
OVERVIEW
67
Table 80 PROJECTED GROWTH IN THE WORLDWIDE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET BY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
67
Figure 7 PROJECTED GROWTH IN THE WORLDWIDE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET BY APPLICATIONS, 2002-2009 ($ MILLIONS)
68
PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS
68
Table 81 AMINO ACIDS IN BIORESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY
68
Table 82 WORLDWIDE QUANTITIES OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 (KILOGRAMS)
69
Figure 8 WORLDWIDE QUANTITIES OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, 2004 AND 2009 (KILOGRAMS)
70
THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS
70
Table 83 CURRENT AND PROJECTED REVENUES FOR THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2009 ($MILLIONS)
71
Monoclonal Antibodies
71
Figure 9 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN DEVELOPMENT BY PERCENT OF THERAPEUTIC CATGORY (%)
72
Table 84 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY DRUGS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
73
Recombinant Proteins
74
Table 85 RECOMBINANT PROTEIN DRUGS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
74
Synthetic Peptide Drugs
75
Insulin
75
Table 86 INSULIN DRUGS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
75
Therapeutic Vaccines
75
Table 87 WORLDWIDE REVENUES IN VACCINES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
76
Table 88 REGISTERED, MARKETED AND APPROVED THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR CANCER
77
Table 89 THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR CANCER IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
77
Table 90 THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR HIV IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
78
Table 91 THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR OTHER INDICATIONS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
78
NUTRITION AND VITAMIN APPLICATIONS
78
L-Threonine
79
Table 92 AREAS OF RESEARCH FOR L-THREONINE
79
Low-Carbohydrate Diets, Sports Nutrition, Special Diets, etc.
79
PRODUCT AND TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE FOR AMINO ACIDS
79
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
80
HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS
80
U.S. SWEETENERS MARKET
80
Table 93 U.S. PRODUCTION OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
80
Table 94 AMINO ACID COMPONENTS OF HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS
81
The Manufacturing of Aspartame
81
The Manufacturing of Aspartame (continued)
82
TECHNOLOGIES
83
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS
83
UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS IN BACTERIAL ENGINEERING
83
MICROORGANSIMS PRODUCE A NON-NATURAL AMINO ACID
83
BIOPROTEIN AUTOLYSATE® OPTIMIZES FERMENTATION PROCESS
83
SOLID-PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS AND CHEMOSELECTIVE LIGATIONS
83
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE USE OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHETIC PURPOSES
84
PROTEOMICS
84
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
84
IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEINS
84
INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO POLYMERS
85
ADMET
85
MEDICAL PRODUCTS FROM UNIQUE BIOMATERIALS
85
Amino Acids in Tissue Engineering
86
PEPSCREEN TECHNOLOGY
86
PATENT ANALYSIS
86
Table 95 RECENT U.S. PATENTS WITH AMINO ACID APPLICATIONS
87
Table 95 (CONTINUED)
88
Table 95 (CONTINUED)
89
Table 95 (CONTINUED)
90
Figure 10 PATENTS FOR AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS BY COUNTRY, 1999-2003
91
Table 96 NUMBER OF PATENTS FOR AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS BY YEAR, 1999-2003
92
PATENTS ISSUED BY U.S. PATENT CLASS
92
PATENTS ISSUED BY AREA OF APPLICATION
93
Table 97 PATENTS FOR AMINO ACIDS BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2000-2003
93
PATENTS OF NOTE
93
Amidase
93
Alkylation of Amino Acids
93
Azo Amino Acids
93
Synthesis of Substituted Amino Acids
93
COMPANY PROFILES
94
AB FERROSAN
94
ADVANCED BIOCONCEPT LTD.
94
ADVANCED CHEMTECH, INC.
94
AJINOMOTO USA, INC.
95
AKORN INC.
95
AKZO NOBEL, INC.
96
ALANEX CORPORATION, INC.
96
ALBANY MOLECULAR RESEARCH, INC.
96
ALFA WASSERMANN CHEMICAL DIV
97
ALPHA DIAGNOSTICS INTERNATIONAL
97
AMERICAN PEPTIDE COMPANY
97
AMERICAN QUALEX
98
AMERICAN RADIOLABELED CHEMICALS, INC.
98
AMIA BIOCHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD
99
AMINO GMBH
99
AMPHOTECH LTD.
100
ANASPEC, INC.
100
ANGUS BUFFERS AND BIOCHEMICALS
100
ANILAX ENTERPRISES INCORPORATED
101
APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS, INC. USA
101
ARQULE, INC.
101
ASCOT FINE CHEMICALS
102
AUSPEP PTY LTD
102
AVECIA BIOTECHNOLOGY
102
BACHEM AG
103
BELMONT CHEMICALS, INC.
103
BEND RESEARCH, INC.
103
BIOCATALYSIS, INC.
103
BIOCONCEPT LABORATORIES, INC.
104
BIOMOL RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
104
BIOSEARCH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
104
BIOSYNTHESIS, INC.
105
BIOTOOLS INC.
105
BIOWORLD
105
CALAIRE CHIMIE, SNC
106
CAMBRIDGE ISOTOPE LABORATORIES
106
CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH BIOCHEMICALS LTD.
106
CARLBIOTECH LTD. A/S
107
CEL-SCI CORPORATION
107
CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS SERVICES
107
CHEMSHOP BV
108
CHIRON CORPORATION
108
CHIROSCIENCE LTD.
108
NIELS CLAUSON-KAAS AS
109
CLINALFA, AG
109
CLONTECH LABORATORIES, INC.
109
COAST SCIENTIFIC
110
COOKSON CHEMICALS LTD
110
COVANCE BIOTECHNOLOGY SERVICES, INC.
110
CN BIOSCIENCE, INC.
111
COMMONWEALTH BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
111
CHRYSALIS BIOTECHNOLOGY
111
COR THERAPEUTICS, INC.
112
CS BIO INC.
112
CYBERSYN, INC.
112
CYCLOPSS BIOCHEMICAL CORPORATION
112
DAIICHI PURE CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
113
DANISCO
113
DAVOS CHEMICAL CORPORATION
113
DEGUSSA AG
114
DIAMALT AG
114
DIOSYNTH BV
114
DSM ANDENO BV
115
DOWPHARMA
115
EASTMAN CHEMICAL
115
ENZYME SYSTEMS PRODUCTS, INC. USA
116
EUROPEPTA GMBH
116
EXTRASYNTHESE S.A.
117
FARMHISPANIA, SA
117
FERRING PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
117
FINORGA SA
118
FLAMMA SPA
118
FLUOROCHEM LIMITED
118
FLUKA CHEMICALS LIMITED, UK
119
GADOT BIOCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED (GBI)
119
GENEMED BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
119
GENOSYS BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
120
GENO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
120
GENPAK, LTD
120
GENZYME CORPORATION
121
GLYCOSYNTH
121
W.R. GRACE
121
GROUPE SNPE
122
GRYPHON SCIENCES
122
HAMMARI CHEMICALS, LTD.
122
HELSINN CHEMICALS SA
123
ICN BIOMEDICALS, INC.
123
ICON (ISOTOPE) SERVICES, INC. USA
123
INDOFINE CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.
124
INTEGRATED BIOMOLECULE CORPORATION
124
INTERCHEM
124
ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS
125
ISOTEC, INC. USA
125
JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA N.V.
125
JBL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
126
JH BIOTECH, INC.
126
KAMIYA BIOMEDICAL CO.
126
KANEKA
126
KATWIJK CHEMIE B.V.
127
KIRALCHEM LTD.
127
KOWA
127
KYOWA HAKKO U.S.A., INC.
128
LANCASTER SYNTHESIS LTD
128
LEANCARE, LTD.
129
LKT LABORATORIES, INC.
129
LOBA FEINCHEMIE AG
129
LOFSTRAND LABORATORIES, LTD
130
LONZA BIOLOGICS
130
MALLINCKRODT INC.
130
MAYBRIDGE CHEMICAL COMPANY LTD.
131
MERCK EUROLAB LTD
131
MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL AMERICA, INC.
131
MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS INC.
132
MONOMER SCIENCES, INC.
132
MONSANTO COMPANY, INC.
132
MULTIPLE PEPTIDE SYSTEMS, INC.
132
NACALAI TESQUE, INC.
133
NAGASE CHEMTEX CORPORATION
133
NBS BIOLOGICALS
133
NEOSYSTEM SA
133
NEWPORT SYNTHESIS IRELAND LTD.
134
NIPPON FINE CHEMICAL CO., LTD.
134
NIPPON RIKAGAKUYAKUHIN CO., LTD.
134
OMNIGENE BIOPRODUCTS, INC.
134
ONCOIMMUNIN, INC.
135
ONYX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
135
ORGANOTECHNIE SA
135
ORPEGEN PHARMA GMBH
135
OXFORD ASYMMETRY INTERNATIONALS, PLC
136
PENINSULA LABORATORIES, INC.
136
PENTA MANUFACTURING CO., INC.
136
PEPTIDE LABORATORY
136
PEPTIDES INTERNATIONAL
137
PEPTIDE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
137
PEPTISYNTHA & CIE S.N.C.
137
PFALTZ AND BAUER, INC.
137
PHARM-ECO LABORATORIES, INC.
138
POLYPEPTIDE LABORATORIES, INC.
138
POLYSCIENCES, INC.
138
PRIMM LABS
138
PRINCETON BIOMEDICALS CORPORATION
139
PROMEGA CORPORATION
139
PROTEIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
139
RAYLO CHEMICALS
139
RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSTIC ANTIBODIES
140
RESEARCH BIOCHEMICALS INCORPORATED
140
RESEARCH GENETICS, INC.
140
RESEARCH ORGANICS, INC.
140
REXIM SA
141
RIA INTERNATIONAL, LLC
141
RICHMAN CHEMICAL, INC.
141
RINTENKO OY
141
ROSE SCIENTIFIC, LTD
142
ROUSSEL UCLAF, SA
142
R.W. GREEFF/PECHINEY WORLD TRADE USA
142
SANABO GMBH
142
SELECTIDE, INC.
143
SELTZER CHEMICALS
143
SENN CHEMICALS AG
143
SIEGFRIED AG
143
SIGMA-ALDRICH CORPORATION
144
SILANTES GMBH
144
SITHEON CORPORATION
144
SNPE
144
SPECTRUM CHEMICALS & LABORATORY PRODUCTS, INC.
145
SWAMPROGETTI BIOTECNOLOGIE
145
SYNGENTA
145
SYNPEP CORPORATION
145
SYNTHETECH, INC.
146
TORONTO RESEARCH CHEMICALS, INC.
146
TYGER SCIENTIFIC, INC.
146
UCB PHARMA
147
UCB-BIOPRODUCTS, INC.
147
UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
147
UNIVERSAL PRESERV-A-CHEM
148
UPSTATE
148
USB CORPORATION
148
VARSAL
148
WACKER-CHEMIE GMBH
149
WAKO CHEMICALS USA, INC.
149
WESTCO FINE INGREDIENTS
149
ZAMBON GROUP S.P.A.
150
APPENDIX
151
ABBREVIATIONS AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF AMINO ACIDS
151
COMMON CONVERSIONS
151
METRIC TON
151
U.S. PATENT CLASSIFICATIONS FOR U.S. PATENTS DEALING WITH CHEMISTRY AND HEALTH, 1999-2004
152
U.S. PATENT CLASSIFICATIONS?CONTINUED)
153
LIST OF TABLES
Summary Table:
GLOBAL VALUE OF AMINO ACIDS IN SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
XXII
Table 1 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACIDS
2
Table 2 WORLDWIDE MARKET FOR AMINO ACIDS BY CATEGORY, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
3
Table 3 NATURAL AMINO ACIDS: BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND CHEMICAL NAMES
4
Table 4 WORLDWIDE ALANINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
6
Table 5 ALANINE MANUFACTURERS
6
Table 6 WORLDWIDE ARGININE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
7
Table 7 ARGININE MANUFACTURERS
7
Table 8 WORLDWIDE ASPARAGINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
8
Table 9 ASPARAGINE MANUFACTURERS
8
Table 10 WORLDWIDE ASPARTIC ACID PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
9
Table 11 MANUFACTURERS OF ASPARTIC ACID
9
Table 12 WORLDWIDE CYSTEINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
10
Table 13 MANUFACTURERS OF CYSTEINE
10
Table 14 WORLDWIDE GLUTAMINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
11
Table 15 GLUTAMINE MANUFACTURERS
11
Table 16 WORLDWIDE GLUTAMIC ACID PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
12
Table 17 GLUTAMIC ACID MANUFACTURERS
12
Table 18 WORLDWIDE GLYCINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
13
Table 19 GLYCINE MANUFACTURERS
13
Table 20 WORLDWIDE HISTIDINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
14
Table 21 HISTIDINE MANUFACTURERS
14
Table 22 WORLDWIDE ISOLEUCINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
15
Table 23 ISOLEUCINE MANUFACTURERS
15
Table 24 WORLDWIDE LEUCINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
16
Table 25 LEUCINE MANUFACTURERS
16
Table 26 WORLDWIDE LYSINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
17
Table 27 LYSINE MANUFACTURERS
17
Table 28 WORLDWIDE METHIONINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
18
Table 29 METHIONINE MANUFACTURERS
18
Table 30 WORLDWIDE PHENYLALANINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
19
Table 31 PHENYLALANINE MANUFACTURERS
19
Table 32 WORLDWIDE PROLINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
20
Table 33 PROLINE MANUFACTURERS
20
Table 34 WORLDWIDE SERINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
20
Table 35 SERINE MANUFACTURERS
21
Table 36 WORLDWIDE THREONINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
21
Table 37 THREONINE MANUFACTURERS
21
Table 38 WORLDWIDE TYROSINE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
22
Table 39 TYROSINE MANUFACTURERS
22
Table 40 WORLDWIDE TRYPTOPHAN PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
23
Table 41 TRYPTOPHAN MANUFACTURERS
23
Table 42 WORLDWIDE VALINE PRODUCTION IN METRIC TONS, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
24
Table 43 VALINE MANUFACTURERS
24
Table 44 MAJOR UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
25
Table 45 UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS: QUANTITIES FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2009 (KILOGRAMS)
25
Table 46 MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS COMMONLY USED IN SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
26
Table 47 MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR MAJOR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
27
Table 48 METHODS OF PRODUCING PROTEINOGENIC L-AMINO ACIDS
28
Table 49 GENERAL METHODS OF ALPHA-AMINO ACIDS SYNTHESIS
28
Table 50 SUBSTITUENTS USED FOR ALPHA-AMINO PROTECTION
29
Table 51 SUBSTITUENTS USED FOR CARBOXY PROTECTION
29
Table 52 WORLDWIDE MARKET FOR AMINO ACIDS BY APPLICATION TYPE, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
32
Table 53 COMMON HEATLH APPLICATIONS OF SOME AMINO ACIDS
33
Table 54 APPLICATIONS FOR AMINO ACIDS
33
Table 55 COMMERCIAL AMINO ACIDS BY APPLICATION AND BY USE
34
Table 56 AMINO ACIDS COMMONLY USED IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
35
Table 57 THE FOUR BASIC CATEGORIES OF SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS FOR AMINO ACIDS
35
Table 58 OTHER WORLDWIDE MARKETS CONTRIBUTING TO THE GROWTH OF THE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLION)
40
Table 59 PRIMARY PRODUCERS OF NATURAL AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS WORLDWIDE
44
Table 60 U.S. PRODUCERS OF MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS IN 2003
45
Table 61 PRIMARY PRODUCERS OF MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS WORLDWIDE
45
Table 62 PRIMARY PRODUCERS OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS
46
Table 63 DISTRIBUTORS OF NATURAL AMINO ACIDS
47
Table 64 U.S. DISTRIBUTORS OF MODIFIED AMINO ACIDS IN 2004
47
Table 65 U.S. DISTRIBUTORS OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS IN 2004
48
Table 66 PRIMARY CUSTOMER CATEGORIES OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS AND PERCENTAGE OF MARKET, 2004 AND 2009
49
Table 67 U.S. EXPORTS OF AMINO ACIDS, 2002 AND 2003
53
Table 68 U.S. IMPORTS OF AMINO ACIDS, 2002 AND 2003
55
Table 69 AMINO ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES UTILIZED IN BIORESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY
57
Table 70 AMINO ACIDS IN BIORESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY
57
Table 71 AMINO ACIDS COMMONLY USED IN CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
59
Table 72 CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2003
59
Table 73 TOP SELLING SINGLE ENANTIOMER DRUGS AND THEIR CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY THAT PRODUCED THEM, FOR 2001
60
Table 74 TYPES OF COMPOUNDS GENERATED BY COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY/DRUG DISCOVERY COMPANIES
61
Table 75 SOLID-PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES
63
Table 76 CUSTOM PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS COMPANIES
64
Table 77 CONSUMPTION OF HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS FOR THE U.S., EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND JAPAN, THROUGH 2009 (METRIC TONS)
65
Table 78 AMINO ACID BASED HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS
66
Table 79 AMINO ACIDS USED IN HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS
66
Table 80 PROJECTED GROWTH IN THE WORLDWIDE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET BY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
67
Table 81 AMINO ACIDS IN BIORESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY
68
Table 82 WORLDWIDE QUANTITIES OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2009 (KILOGRAMS)
69
Table 83 CURRENT AND PROJECTED REVENUES FOR THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2009 ($MILLIONS)
71
Table 84 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY DRUGS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
73
Table 85 RECOMBINANT PROTEIN DRUGS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
74
Table 86 INSULIN DRUGS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
75
Table 87 WORLDWIDE REVENUES IN VACCINES, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
76
Table 88 REGISTERED, MARKETED AND APPROVED THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR CANCER
77
Table 89 THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR CANCER IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
77
Table 90 THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR HIV IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
78
Table 91 THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR OTHER INDICATIONS IN PHASE III DEVELOPMENT
78
Table 92 AREAS OF RESEARCH FOR L-THREONINE
79
Table 93 U.S. PRODUCTION OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS, THROUGH 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
80
Table 94 AMINO ACID COMPONENTS OF HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS
81
Table 95 RECENT U.S. PATENTS WITH AMINO ACID APPLICATIONS
87
Table 96 NUMBER OF PATENTS FOR AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS BY YEAR, 1999-2003
92
Table 97 PATENTS FOR AMINO ACIDS BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2000-2003
93
LIST OF FIGURES
Summary Figure:
GLOBAL VALUE OF AMINO ACIDS IN SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, 2002-2009 ($ MILLIONS)
XXII
Figure 1 STRUCTURE OF THE AMINO ACID MARKET FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS
43
Figure 2 PRIMARY CUSTOMER CATEGORIES OF THE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET BY PERCENT OF MARKET, 2004
49
Figure 3 U.S. EXPORTS OF SPECIFIC AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS PURPOSES, 2003 (%)
52
Figure 4 PERCENT BREAKDOWN OF U.S. AMINO ACIDS IMPORTS, 2003 (%)
54
Figure 5 PERCENT BREAKDOWN OF CHIRAL TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2003 (%)
59
Figure 6 STEPS OF SOLUTION-BASED PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
63
Figure 7 PROJECTED GROWTH IN THE WORLDWIDE AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS MARKET BY APPLICATIONS, 2002-2009 ($ MILLIONS)
68
Figure 8 WORLDWIDE QUANTITIES OF AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS APPLICATIONS, 2004 AND 2009 (KILOGRAMS)
70
Figure 9 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN DEVELOPMENT BY PERCENT OF THERAPEUTIC CATGORY (%)
72
Figure 10 PATENTS FOR AMINO ACIDS FOR SYNTHESIS BY COUNTRY, 1999-2003
91